The growth and production of any fruit tree depend on two main factors. One is genetic and the other is farming system, but in the present modern age science has added one more factor and that is growth regulators which are effective on plant growth, production and quality. Growth controllers are in operation at every stage of plant growth and development. Such as in seed germination, in the growth of seedlings, in increasing or decreasing the vegetative growth of the plant, in increasing the size of the fruit, in preventing the ripening or ripening of the fruit as well as in prolonging the life after the fruit is picked
What are plant growth controller called?
Vegetable growth regulators are carbohydrates. Which in very small quantities is capable of increasing or decreasing the physiological function of a plant. There are five main types of growth controllers.
(1) Oxygen:
oxygen is a group consisting primarily of indole acetic acid (IAA), indole butaric acid (IBA), nathalic acetic acid (NAA), 2-4 - dichloro phenol These include acetic acid and 2-4-5 trichloro phenolic acetic acid.
USE:
- Oxygen is important for the overall growth of plant.
- Oxygen plays an important role in lengthening the stem and stem cells and dividing the cell.
- Oxygen is important to produce roots, get flowers, increase fruit retention. Oxygen prevents leaves, flowers, and fruits from falling off.
- It also plays an important role in increasing seed germination, seedless fruiting and gender reassignment. Oxygen is widely used in weed control.
(2) Gibberellin acid
: There are many types of gibberellin. But gibberellin-3 (gibberellic acid) is the most prevalent in agriculture and is used in various ways. Gibberellins are prepared in plants as well as can be made artificially.
USE :
- Gibberellin is important for increasing cell length and cell division.
- Sprinkling of gibberellin on the twigs causes an unusual increase in plant height.
- Useful in bringing flowers to plants that need cold weather.
- In other uses of gibberellin it is used to shorten or complete the dormant state of the seed or tuber.
- Used to prevent flowers from falling.
- In fruit growth, it is used to delay the ripening of the fruit to get the flower-fruit early, to prevent the fruit from falling.
- The number of female flowers used in gibberellin transgender is high.
- Gibberellin is also useful in increasing the storage capacity of the fruit.
(3) Cytokinin:
Cytokinin is very important in cell division. It is more abundant in coconut water. Kinetin and ziatin (corn) are important cytokinins. Which is prepared only in plants. It can also be made artificially. E.g. Benzene adenonine. Animal urine also contains good amounts of cytokinins.
USE :
- To shorten or complete the dormant state of seeds and tubers in plant growth.
- Used to increase fruit set and prevent fruit fall.
- Useful in increasing the storage capacity of the fruit.
- Since cytokinin is useful in wound healing, it is useful to get better results in graft and eye graft.
- Inhibits the action of protein breakdown in leafy vegetables. Hence such vegetables can be kept green and fresh for a long time.
(4) Ethylene
Ethylene is produced in all plant tissues. Its highest proportion is found in ripe fruits. The use of solid ethane is more prevalent as it is ethylene gas.
USE :
- Ethylene helps in stimulating flowering and ripening of fruits.
- Ethephon is used to remove leaves, fruits or flowers from plants.
- Ethylene is also useful in gender reassignment as female flowers are more abundant in vine vegetables.
(5) Growth Inhibitors :
Growth inhibitors tend to be vegetative. Such as ambic acid (A.B.A.) coumarin, cinnamic acid etc. Inhibitors can also be made in the laboratory. Important inhibitors include malic hydrazide (M.H), psychosyl, phosphon-D, alar, and cultar.
USE :
- It is very necessary to control the passion of vegetative growth of plants.
- Inhibitors are useful to keep seeds or tubers or buds dormant.
- Inhibitors are also useful in increasing the storage capacity of fruits and vegetables.
Often using the same instinct control in small or excessive amounts controls different types of physiological activity. Its proportion also varies according to the growth stage of the plant or shrub. So it is highly desirable to use it judiciously and under expert supervision. The spray timing of growth controllers should be chosen so that it can be planted as much as possible. If necessary, mix a little teapot or soapy water with the liquid, which will be absorbed for a long period of time. The leaves of plants or shrubs should be soaked thoroughly but liquid spots should not form on the leaves. Growth controllers should not be mixed with pesticides in general. Growth controllers found in bars are usually available in liquid or solution form. Which can be dissolved directly in water. When powdered growth regulators cannot be dissolved directly in water, they are first dissolved in a small amount of alcohol or a solution of 0.5% sodium hydroxide and then mixed with water.
