Gallium Nitride (GaN) semiconductors, initially known for their rapid charging capabilities in consumer electronics, are now making waves in AI servers, data centres, and, most notably, robotics. The surge in generative AI has highlighted the potential of GaN technology across various robotic applications, from LiDAR sensing systems to motor controllers and battery management systems.
Traditional power components rely on silicon (Si), but compound semiconductors like GaN and silicon carbide (SiC) are gaining traction due to their superior ability to handle high current, voltage, and frequency demands. GaN, in particular, outperforms SiC in high-frequency applications, making it increasingly attractive for industries where efficiency and size are paramount.
By boosting switching frequency without compromising efficiency, GaN significantly enhances overall system performance. Its compact size and high efficiency have already proven valuable in fast chargers, and its lightweight, space-saving properties make it a compelling choice for mobile robots.
Silicon-based components remain dominant due to their mature development and cost-performance advantages. However, compound semiconductors like GaN and SiC are exceeding market expectations, particularly SiC, which gained traction after its adoption by Tesla for the Model 3 in 2008. This success has spurred global automakers to integrate SiC, fueling the growth of China's supply chain.
While GaN is making inroads into the automotive sector, its progress lags behind SiC, which is better suited for high current and voltage demands. GaN production also faces challenges such as yield rate control and long-term quality issues, indicating the need for further advancements in manufacturing and quality assurance.
In industrial sectors like data centres and robotics, where high-frequency switching is crucial, GaN is carving out a new niche. This growing demand has sparked a surge in patent disputes, with US-based EPC and Germany's Infineon filing lawsuits against China's GaN leader, Innoscience, in an attempt to slow its international expansion.
GaN's revolution in fast chargers, marked by faster charging speeds and significant reductions in size and weight, has cemented its position from generic to global brands. Innoscience, benefiting from competitive pricing, has dominated the Chinese market and is making strides in international consumer electronics. However, ongoing patent battles are likely to impact its expansion pace.
